BMX Products Inc. (maker of Mongoose) used the same format for all of their bicycle brands (Jag, Roger DeCoster, Moto-Trac, etc..) with a few exceptions.
Typically, the Serial Number was on two lines, looking like this:
CF9
133996
The first digit C stood for Chatsworth (California, where the factory started out)
The second digit was the letter code for whichever month the BB shell was manufactured:
A= Jan
B= Feb
C= Mar
etc..
The third digit was the last number in the two digit year:
6 = 76
7 = 77
8 = 78
etc..
The next line was simply the sequentially numbered serial number.
Random notes:
The earliest models ('75) were comprised of five digit numbers only (see pic)
In early '76 a "C" was added to the top line
Example:
C
17928
The Racer-X models serial numbers started with an X (example: XB8, rather than CB8)
When the team mongoose model was introduced in '78, a "T" was placed in a third row at the bottom, as shown in this pic (you can barely make it out, but it's there)
Later the "T" was moved to the top line, in front of the "C" for both Team Mongoose and Supergoose:
Example: TCB0
This continued until sometime after March of '81 when the SN just went to one line, dropping the top line completely.
The first digit was a letter followed by a one digit number F2 meant June of '82 (using the same code as the bike models above) and these SN's were no longer found on the BB shell, but rather the lug behind it.
After 1980 it gets fuzzy for me since I lose interest in mongeese after 1980.
Please feel free to add to, or correct this post.